This is guess paper of F.Sc 1st and 2nd year chemistry paper for annual 2018 consisting of important mcqs, short and long questions notes. Students of every board of intermediate and secondary education in short bise in pakistan can avail from this 100% guess paper for getting full marks in examinations, no matter he belongs to lahore multan sargodha bahawalpur sahiwal gujranwala faisalabad rawalpindi dg khan federal swat peshawar kohat abbottabad malakand mardan bannu dera ismail khan sukkur karachi hyderabad aga khan larkana quetta ajk turbat allama iqbal open university gilgit baltistan mirpur azad jammu and kashmir boards.
F.Sc 1st Year
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Chemistry Short Questions Guess Paper 11th Class 2018
- Why water and ethanol can mix with each other in all proportions?
- Explain advantages of vacuum distillation?
- Explain that evaporation causes cooling. (a) Justify that earthenware vessels keep water cool? (b) What is transition temperature? (c) Define Lattice energy. Give example?
- What is a unit cell?
- Why molecular solids are soft and easily compressible?
- Explain that the electrical conductivity of the metals decreases by increasing temperature?
- What is Zeeman Effect?
- What is compressibility factor? What is its value for an ideal gas?
- Drive the S.I. units of "a" and “b” (Vander wall's constants).
- Why ice float on water?
- What is hydration & hydrolysis?
- Aqueous solution of CuSO4 is acidic in nature. Explain.
- Justify that the boiling points of solvents increases due to the presence of non-volatile solutes?
- Define molarity & molality. Give their mathematical expression?
- Differentiate between zeotropic and Azeotropic mixtures?
- Write electronic configuration of Al13 & Ca20.
- How desicator is used to dry crystals?
- How undesirable colour can be removed from a crude crystalline product?
- What is the difference between adsorption & partition chromatography?
- What are characteristics of an ideal solvent?
- Explain uses of chromatography?
- Differentiate between electrolytic cell & voltaic cell?
- What is emf of a cell?
- Justify that a salt bridge maintains the electrical neutrality in the cell?
- Explain units of pressure.
- What is the difference between diffusion & effusion?
- Define buffer capacity?
- Explain that a mixture of NHAOH and NHACI gives us the basic buffer.
- Explain that the concentration, in terms of molality, is independent of temperature but molarity depends upon temperature?
- Why a molar solution is more concentrated than the molal solution.
- Write de Broglie's equation. What does it show?
- Give two defects of Rutherford's Atomic model?
- What is molecular ion? How they are generated?
- No individual Neon atom in the sample of the element has a mass of 20.18 a.m.u. Explain.
- The atomic mass may be an infraction? Why
- Define Avogadro's number? Give its numerical value.
- Write down the steps to identify a limiting reactant?
- Explain why the experimental yield is mostly less than the theoretical yield?
- Why isotopes have same chemical properties.
- Define spectrum? Give its two types.
- Why e/m value of the cathode rays is just equal to that of electron?
- What is the difference between fast neutrons & slow neutrons?
- State Moseley's law and give its importance?
- How X-rays are produced?
- A catalyst is specific in nature? Justify?
- Explain radioactive decay is a first order reaction?
- Define (a) Activation energy (b) Activated complex.
- Write four characteristics of enzymes catalysis?
- What is catalysis? Name its two types.
- What is autocatalyst? Explain with example?
- Calculate oxidation state of Cr in K2Cr207 and KCr04.
- What is the reason for the production of positive rays?
- Explain Pauli's exclusion principle with example.
- Prepare these questions for short questions
- What is Joule Thomson Effect?
- How can you calculate the density of an ideal gas from general gas equation?
- Justify that bond distance is the compromise distance between two atoms?
- Why lone pair occupy more space than the bond pair?
- What is non-polar covalent bond? Give examples?
- Justify that no bond in chemistry is 100% ionic.
- Justify that Hey cannot be formed?
- Why the radius of an atom cannot be determined precisely?
- Justify that ionization energy is an index to the metallic character?
- What is critical volume?
- Write characteristics of plasma?
- Explain that the process of respiration obeys Dalton's law of partial pressure?
- Explain that water vapors do not behaves ideally at 273K?
- Prove that one mole of CO2, N2 and H2 contain equal number of molecules.
- What is the basic principle of Mass spectrometer.
- The molecular formula is the simple multiple of empirical formula? Explain with example.
- How the rate of filtration increased by using flutted filter paper?
- How impure Cu can be purified by an electrolytic process.
- Why Na & K can displace hydrogen from acids but Pt, Pd and Cu can not.
- Explain briefly standard hydrogen electrode (SHE).
- Distinguish between primary & secondary cell?
- What is the difference between cell & a battery?
- Differentiate between sigma and pi-bonds.
- Why -bonds are more diffused than Sigma-bonds?
- Explain why dipole moment of CO2 is zero but that of SO2 is 1.61D.
- What is bond enthalpy? Explain with example.
- Why cations are smaller in size than their parent atoms?
- Write Lewis structures of the following compound? (a) HCN (b) CCl4
- What is the first law of thermodynamics? Give its mathematical relation.
- Define enthalpy & state function?
- Explain enthalpy of neutralization?
- Define enthalpy of solution?
- Explain that burning of a candle is a spontaneous process?
- Why it is necessary to mention physical states of reactants and products in a thermochemical equation.
- Why do we need buffers?
- What is Law of mass action?
- What is the relation between Kp & Ke?
- How does a catalyst affect a reversible reaction?
- How can you purify NaCl by common ion effect?
- Drive equilibrium constant, Kc for the dissociation of PC15?
- Write solubility product for the reaction PbCl2---->Pb2+2C1
- Define PH & POH. How are they related to PKw?
- What is upper consulate temperature?
- What are colligative properties? Why are these called so?
- Explain that in summer the antifreeze solutions protect the liquid of the radiator from boiling over?
- Justify that NaCl & KNO3 are used to lower the melting point of ice?
- Justify that non-ideal solution do not obey the Raoult's law?
Important Long Questions of Chemistry 1st Year Chapter Wise 2018
- [Chapter No.1]: Example No. 3,5,10,12,13,14 Exercise Q no. 16,21,22.
- [Chapter No.3]: General gas equation, Dalton's law of partial pressure & its applications, Basic postulates of kinetic molecular theory. Deviation of real gases from ideal behavior
- [Chapter No.4]: Measurement of vapor pressure. Hydrogen bonding & its two applications. Liquid crystals. Metallic solids.
- [Chapter No.5]: Liquification of gas, Properties . of cathode rays. Millikan's oil drop method. De-Broglie equation. Defects of Bohr's Atomic model. Quantum Numbers, Laws related to electronic configuration.
- [Chapter No.6]: VSEPR theory and structure of SO3, NH3, H2O. Hybridization, Molecular obitals theaory, Magnetic behaviour of O2. Ionization energy, Electronegativity and its trends in periodic table, Coordinate covalent bond.
- [Chapter No.7]: Prove H=Qp, Bomb calorimeter, Hess's law of constant heat summation, Born Habers method.
- [Chapter No.8]: Example no. 4,5,6. Exercise Q.No. 24,25.
- [Chapter No.9]: Roult's law. Measurement of elevation of boiling point by Landsberger's method, measurement of Freezing point depression by Beckmann's method. Azeotropic mixtures with positive and negative deviations.
- [Chapter No.11]: Order of reaction with examples. Methods for finding order of reaction. Determination of rate of a reaction by chemical method. Catalysis, types and characteristics of the catalyst.
F.Sc 2nd Year
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Intermediate 2nd Year Chemistry Important Short Questions 2018
- What is the effect of branching on the melting point of alkanes?
- What is Lindler's catalyst? Give its use.
- Explain the structure of CH4 with the help of hybridization? Convert benzene into maleic acid?
- What is Lanthanides contraction?
- What is the setting of cement?
- What are Micronutrients & Macronutrients?
- Write down essential qualities of a good fertilizer?
- How urea is manufactured? Define paper and name two woody and two non-woody raw material used in the production of paper?
- What are leachates?
- Why the oxidation state of noble gases is usually zero?
- Give similarities of hydrogen with alkali metals.
- How lime mortar is prepared?
- Why the aqueous solution of Na Coz is alkaline in nature?
- What happens when: (a) Be + NaOH→ (b) Mg(NO3)2→
- How benzene is converted into m-chloronitrobenzene?
- Write general mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction of benzene?
- Explain side chain oxidation of benzene?
- What is wolf Kishner Reduction?
- What is meant by denaturing of proteins?
- What is the difference between Glucose & Fructose?
- What is a degree of polymerization? Give preparation of Nylon 6,6.
- Differentiate between oils and fats.
- Write any two differences between DNA & RNA?
- What is rancidity of fats and oils?
- Give main cause of rancidity?
- How mustard gas is prepared? Give its uses?
- Why the metallic character increases down the group?
- Explain that the oxidation states vary in a period but almost constant in a group?
- Why the second value of electron affinity of an element is usually shown with a positive sign?
- Justify that ZnO is amphoteric in nature?
- What is the action of an aqueous solution of borax on litmus?
- Why CO2 is a gas at room temperature but SiO2 is solid?
- Define cracking & discuss any one type of cracking?
- How can you improve the quality of a fuel?
- How ethane is converted into ethyl alcohol?
- How will you convert boric acid into borax & vice versa?
- Explain chemistry of borax bead Test?
- How can you prepared ether by Williamson's synthesis?
- What do you mean by denaturing of alcohols? Define fermentation.
- Justify that absolute alcohol cannot be prepared by fermentation process?
- How can you prepared phenol by Dow's method?
- What is Ninhydrin Test?
- How halogen acids are ionized in water?
- Why most of the transition metal ions are colored?
- Why does damaged tin-plated iron get rusted quickly?
- Justify that KMnO4 is a strong & milk oxidizing agent?
- What is Markownikov's rule? Give example.
- How will you convert alkyne into ketone?
- How will you prepared acetic acid from acetylene?
- What is iodoform Test?
- How can you prepared paraldehyde?
- Explain reactivity of carbonyl group? What is formalin. How it is prepared?
- What is 2,4-DNPH Test.
- What is Tollens's test?
- Discuss reduction of aldehyde with (a) NaBH/H2O (b) H2/Pd
- What are ammonia derivatives? Give names with formulas of any two ammonia derivatives.
- Write any two uses of acetaldehyde & any two uses of formaldehyde.
- What is Benedict's solution test?
- What is iodine number?
- What are essential & non-essential amino acid?
- What is Strecker synthesis?
- What do you mean by Zwitter ion?
- What are silicones?
- How does borax serve as a water softening agent?
- What are heterocyclic compounds?
- What is stream cracking?
- Why H2O has a higher boiling point than ethanol?
- Justify that phenol is acidic in nature?
- Justify that benzene is an unsaturated compound?
- What is Wurtz-Fitting Reaction? How can you prepare Tetraethyl lead & Tetramethyl lead from alkyl halide?
- Why lime is added to an acidic soil?
- Why is SO3 dissolved in H2SO, and not in H50?
- What is Ring test?
- How Pro is a powerful dehydrating agent?
- How NO, act as an oxidizing agent?
- What is Aqua regia? How it dissolve noble metals?
- Explain preparation & reactivity of Grignard Reagent? How Grignard reagent reacts with epoxide?
- What is B-Elimination reaction?
- What is leaving the group? Explain with example?
- Define Tautomerism? Give example?
- Why there is no free rotation around a double bond & a free rotation around a single bond?
- Write a chemical composition of the following: (a) Carnallite (b) Dolomite What is the difference between Plaster of Paris & dead burnt?
- Why KO, is used in breathing equipment?
- Explain major problems during the working of diaphragm cell?
- What conditions are required for the formation of smog?
- What is the role of chlorofluorocarbons in Destroying ozone?
- What is meant by Recycling of waste?
- State terms “BOD” & “COD".
- How detergents are threat to aquatic animals?
- How white phosphorus is converted into red phosphorus?
- Why Dinitrogen oxide is called "Laughing gas"?
- What are Freons & Teflon?
- Why HF is weaker acid than HCI?
- What are disproportionation reactions?
Important Long Questions of Chemistry 2nd Year 2018
- [Chapter No.1]: Position of hydrogen in the periodic table. Ionization Energy & its trend in periodic table. Write a note on Halides & Oxides.
- [Chapter No.2]: Peculiar behavior of Lithium. Preparation of NaOH. Preparation of sodium by Down cell.
- [Chapter No.3]: Explain properties and uses of silicones, What is the importance of oxides of lead in points?: Explain properties and uses of Borax.
- [Chapter No.5]: Explain manufacture of bleaching powder. Give its uses, Explain peculiar behaviour of fluorine, Fluorides of Xenon & applications of the Noble Gases.
- [Chapter No.7]: What is meant by functional group. Name typical functional group containing oxygen. Cracking & its types. sp & sp2-hybridization.
- [Chapter No.8]: Halogenation of alkane, ozonolysis & Hydroxylation of alkene, Polymerization & Acidic nature of alkyne. Kolb's reaction for the preparation of alkane, alkene, alkyne.
- [Chapter No.9]: Atomic orbital treatment of benzene (structure of benzene). Orientation in Electrophilic substitution reactions in benzene. Sulphonation & Friedal-crafts Alkylation & Acylation of benzene.
- [Chapter No.10]: Reactions of Grignard reagent. Difference between SN, & SNz mechanisms.
- [Chapter No.11]: Mechanism of Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro's Reaction, Haloform reactions, Oxidation of Aldehyde and ketones.
- [Chapter No.12]: Preparation of ethanol by fermentation, preparation of phenol, bakelite preparation. Distinguish between Primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols.
Practical Centre Guess Paper Viva & Questions 2018
- Basic radical Group I to IV (Qualitative analysis). Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Al3+, Ni2+,Zn2+, Basic radicals Group V to VI (Qualitative analysis). Ba2+, Ca2+, Na1+, NH4+.
- Acid, radicals, Qualitative analysis of CO3-, NO , CL-, NO3 ,CH3COO-,SO4.
- Detection of N,S,X inorganic compound, Identification of functional groups. Carboxylic acids & phenols.
- Preparation of Iodoform, Aspirin, Copper amine complex, Glucasozone.
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